The (Un)ideal Physicist: How Humans Rely on Object Interaction for Friction Estimates.

To estimate object properties such as mass or friction, our brain relies on visual information to efficiently compute approximations. The role of sensorimotor feedback, however, is not well understood. Here we tested healthy adults (N = 79) in an inclined-plane problem, that is, how much a plane can be tilted before an object starts to slide, and contrasted the interaction group with observation groups who accessed involved forces by watching objects being manipulated. We created objects of different masses and levels of friction and asked participants to estimate the critical tilt angle after pushing an object, lifting it, or both. Estimates correlated with applied forces and were biased toward object mass, with higher estimates for heavier objects. Our findings highlight that inferences about physical object properties are tightly linked to the human sensorimotor system and that humans integrate sensorimotor information even at the risk of nonveridical perceptual estimates.

Association between body weight perception and actual body mass index among adult women in Erbil city, Iraq.

BACKGROUND: The misperception of body weight can significantly affect individuals' health behaviors, such as physical activity, diet, and weight management. This study aimed to examine the association between body weight perception and actual body mass index (BMI) among adult women and explore the factors influencing this relationship. METHODS: Five hundred forty female individuals aged 18-65 participated in this cross-sectional study. The validated Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used for data collection. The BMI of the participants was calculated from measured body weight and height. Body weight perception was assessed using a single questionnaire item. The association of BMI and body weight perception was assessed, and the result was categorized as underestimation, consistency, and overestimation. The Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the consistency of BMI and body weight perception by different sociodemographic factors. The kappa test was used to analyze the consistency of BMI and body weight perception. RESULTS: Of the 540 participants, 13.3% underestimated their body weight status, 79.1% accurately perceived their body weight status, and 7.6% overestimated their body weight status. Unmarried women (11.7%) were more likely than ever married (4.3%) to overestimate their body weight (p = 0.005). On multiple logistic regression, being unmarried (OR = 1.68 (95%CI 1.01-2.80)) was significantly associated with body weight misperception. Body weight perception and BMI categories showed a significantly good consistency (kappa = 0.612, p < 0.001). Correct perception of body weight was highest among the overweight, followed by normal weight and underweight individuals (82.1%, 75.8%, and 72.2%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Body weight perception was well associated with actual body weight status. Unmarried women are more likely to misperceive body weight, particularly overestimating it. Underestimation of body weight was relatively high and much higher than the overestimation, which might keep obese individuals from weight loss activities. Preventing obesity should include awareness about body weight misperceptions.

Mass distribution and shape influence the perceived weight of objects.

Research suggests that the rotational dynamics of an object underpins our perception of its weight. We examine the generalisability of that account using a more ecologically valid way of manipulating an object's mass distribution (mass concentrated either at the top, bottom, centre, near the edges or evenly distributed throughout the object), shape (cube or sphere), and lifting approach (lifting directly by the hand or indirectly using a handle or string). The results were in line with our predictions. An interaction effect was found where the mass distribution and lifting approach both associated with the lowest rotational dynamics made the stimulus appear lighter compared to other combinations. These findings demonstrate rotational dynamic effects in a more run-of-the-mill experience of weight perception than what has been demonstrated before using cumbersome stimuli.

Understanding Health Behaviors, Weight Perceptions, and Body Appreciation of Young Adult Women Engaged in the Body Positivity Movement.

BACKGROUND: The body positivity movement on social media is thought to foster body appreciation, but pervasive societal concern persists about the body positivity movement and the body image, health behaviors, and "normalization of obesity" of young adult women. PURPOSE: This study explored the relationship between engagement in the body positivity movement on social media and weight status, body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, and the health behaviors of intuitive eating and physical activity in young adult women (18-35 years). METHODS: Participants (N = 521; ∼64% engaged in body positivity content on social media) were recruited using Qualtrics online panels for this cross-sectional survey during February 2021. Outcomes included weight status, weight consideration, weight perception, body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, physical activity, and intuitive eating. Logistic and linear regression models adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, education level, and household income were used to assess the association between engagement in the body positivity movement and specified outcomes. RESULTS: Engagement with body positivity content was associated with greater body dissatisfaction (ß = 2.33, t(519) = 2.90 p = .017), body appreciation (ß = 0.26, t(519) = 2.90 p = .004), and greater likelihood of reporting high amounts of physical activity (odds ratio = 2.28; p < .05) relative to nonengaged peers; these associations remained significant after further adjustment for weight status. Body positivity engagement was not associated with weight status, weight perception, or intuitive eating. CONCLUSIONS: Engagement in the body positivity movement is associated with higher body dissatisfaction and body appreciation in young adult women, which suggests they may be drawn to and engage in the body positivity movement as a protective or coping mechanism for body dissatisfaction.

Correlations between weight perception and overt risk-taking among Canadian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: Perceptions of body weight represent an important health issue for Canadian adolescents. While associations between weight perception and mental health concerns like eating disorder symptomatology are well established, there is need for more Canadian evidence about how weight perception is associated with overt risk-taking among adolescents, and further how such associations differ by biological sex. METHODS: We conducted a national analysis of grade 9-10 students participating in the 2017-2018 cycle of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Canada. This analysis described contemporary patterns of alternate weight perception and then examined the strength and statistical significance of such associations by biological sex, with tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use, binge drinking, fighting, and illicit drug use as outcomes. Behaviours were considered both individually and in combination. Analyses were descriptive and analytical, with regression models accounting for the nested and clustered nature of the sampling approach. RESULTS: Responses from 2135 males and 2519 females were available for a complete case series analysis. A total of 26% and 35% of males and females, respectively, perceived themselves as "too fat" while 20% and 9% identified as "too thin". Females perceiving themselves as "too fat" reported higher likelihoods of engaging in individual and scaled indicators of overt risk-taking. Conversely, among males, alternate weight perception was associated with lower levels of such behaviours. CONCLUSION: As males and females perceive and react to weight perception differently, clinical and health promotion strategies should be developed and uniquely targeted to groups of adolescents in regards to weight perception and risk-taking.

RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Les perceptions du poids corporel représentent une importante question de santé pour les adolescentes et les adolescents canadiens. Les associations entre la perception du poids et les risques pour la santé mentale, comme les symptômes de troubles alimentaires, sont bien établies, mais nous avons besoin de plus de données probantes canadiennes sur les associations entre la perception du poids et la prise de risques manifeste chez les adolescentes et les adolescents, et sur les différences selon le sexe biologique lorsque ces associations existent. MéTHODE: Nous avons mené une analyse nationale des élèves de 9e et de 10e année ayant participé au cycle 2017-2018 de l'Enquête sur les comportements de santé des jeunes d'âge scolaire au Canada (Enquête HBSC). Nous avons décrit les tendances contemporaines de perception erronée du poids, puis examiné la force et la signification statistique de telles associations, selon le sexe biologique, avec la consommation de tabac, d'alcool et de cannabis, l'hyperalcoolisation rapide, les combats et l'usage de drogues illicites comme résultats. Ces comportements ont été étudiés individuellement et en combinaison. Les analyses ont été descriptives et analytiques, avec des modèles de régression pour tenir compte de la méthode d'échantillonnage emboîtée et par grappes. RéSULTATS: Les réponses de 2 135 garçons et de 2 519 filles étaient disponibles pour une analyse complète de série de cas. En tout, 26 % des garçons et 35 % des filles se percevaient comme étant « en excès de poids ¼, et 20 % des garçons et 9 % des filles se percevaient comme étant « trop maigres ¼. Les filles se percevant comme étant « en excès de poids ¼ ont déclaré une probabilité plus élevée d'adopter des comportements individuels et gradués indicateurs d'une prise de risques manifeste. Réciproquement, chez les garçons, la perception erronée du poids était associée à des niveaux moins élevés de tels comportements. CONCLUSION: Comme les garçons et les filles perçoivent leur poids différemment et réagissent différemment à cette perception, il faudrait élaborer des stratégies cliniques et de promotion de la santé qui ciblent particulièrement les groupes d'adolescentes et d'adolescents et qui portent sur la perception du poids et la prise de risques.

Weight bias internalization among adolescents in Spain: psychological correlates across gender diversity and weight status / La internalización de los prejuicios de peso entre los y las adolescentes en España: correlatos psicológicos en función del género y el estatus de peso

Weight bias internalization refers to the negative weight-related attributions applied to oneself, but it does not just occur in the highest weight statuses, but rather exists across the entire weight spectrum. There is a negative impact associated to increase psychological problems in adults, however, it has been less studied among the adolescent Spanish population. In this study, we assess the relationship between the internalization of weight bias, social attitudes towards appearance, body appreciation and self-esteem, and potential differences regarding gender and weight status. A community sample of 1258 Spanish adolescents between 12 and 18 years old (46.3% male gender; Mage = 15.58; SD = 1.59; 49.5% female gender; Mage = 15.59; SD = 1.67; and 4.1% non-binary gender; Mage = 14.86; SD = 2.86) participated in the study. The Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-4) were used. ANOVA’s test and bivariate correlations were performed. The results suggest that females (t = -.55; p ≤ .001) and non-binary adolescents (t = .64; p ≤ .01) have higher levels of WBI-M compared to males. Regarding weight status, the group with obesity (t = 1.39; p ≤ .001) and the group with overweight (t = -.81; p ≤ .001) have higher levels of WBI-M compared to the normal weight group. Significant correlations between WBI-M and the assessed psychological variables were found in the total sample, and across all-gender and weight categories, except for the underweight group. These results are a first approximation to the internalization of weight bias in a Spanish adolescent sample and highlight the need to introduce this concept in prevention and psychological interventions in school context. (AU)

La internalización de los prejuicios de peso hace referencia a las atribuciones negativas relacionadas con el peso aplicadas a uno mismo/a, lo cual no ocurre únicamente en las personas con un estatus de peso elevado, sino en todo el rango de pesos. En adultos, existe evidencia de su impacto negativoasociados a incrementar problemas psicológicos; aunque se ha estudiado en menor medida en la población adolescente. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relación entre la internalización de prejuicios de peso, las actitudes socioculturales hacia la apariencia, la apreciación corporal y el nivel de autoestima, y analizar las posibles diferencias en función del género y del estatus de peso. Participaron 1.258 adolescentes españoles de una muestra comunitaria entre 12 y 18 años (46.3% género masculino; Medad = 15.58; DT = 1.59; 49,5% género femenino; Medad = 15.59; DT = 1.67; y 4.1% género no binario; Medad = 14.86; DT = 2.86). Se utilizaron la escala de internalización de prejuicios de peso modificado (WBIS-M), la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg (RSES) y el cuestionario de actitudes socioculturales hacia la apariencia (SATAQ-4). Se realizó la prueba ANOVA y correlaciones bivariadas. Los resultados sugieren que el grupo identificado con el género femenino (t = -.55; p ≤ .001) y con el no binario (t = .64; p ≤ .01) muestran niveles más altos de internalización del sesgo de peso en comparación con el género masculino. En cuanto al estado ponderal, el grupo con obesidad (t = 1.39; p ≤ .001) y el grupo con sobrepeso (t = -.81; p ≤ .001) presentan niveles más altos de internalización de prejuicios de peso en comparación con el grupo con normopeso. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre las puntuaciones del WBIS-M y las variables psicológicas evaluadas en la muestra total yen todas las categorías de género y peso, con la excepción del grupo de bajo peso. (AU)

Síntesis de teoría de la percepción materna del peso corporal del hijo / Síntese da teoria da percepção materna do peso corporal do filho / Theory synthesis of maternal perception of her child’s body weight

To build a middle range theory of maternal perception of her child´s body weight. Thismiddle range theory was built deductively from the concept of social perception and from researchliterature published following the steps of theory synthesis. This theory has inputs, and the maternal perception of her child´s body weight is the outcome, that influence on maternal attitudes, andbehaviors related to the child’s body weight. This theory offers an explanation how mothers builda judgement about their child’s body weight. The professionals could work with the factors thatinfluence the maternal perception of her child´s body weight.(AU)

Desarrollar una teoría de rango medio de la percepción materna del peso corporal delhijo. Esta teoría fue desarrollada de forma deductiva a partir del concepto de percepción social y dehallazgos científicos publicados, siguiendo los pasos de síntesis de teoría. Esta teoría tiene elementos de entrada y la percepción maternal del peso del hijo es el resultado, que influye en las actitudesy conductas maternas relacionadas al peso corporal del hijo. Esta teoría ofrece una explicación decómo las madres construyen el juicio respecto al peso corporal de su hijo. Los profesionales podríantrabajar con los factores que influyen en la percepción materna del peso corporal del hijo.(AU)

Desenvolver uma teoria de classe média da percepção materna do peso corporal do filho.Essa teoria foi desenvolvida dedutivamente a partir do conceito de percepção social e descobertascientíficas publicadas, seguindo as etapas de síntese da teoria. Essa teoria tem elementos de entradae o resultado é a percepção materna do peso corporal do filho, que influencia as atitudes e comportamentos maternos relacionados ao peso corporal do filho. Essa teoria oferece uma explicação decomo as mães constroem seu julgamento sobre o peso corporal do seu filho. Os profissionais poderiam trabalhar com os fatores que influenciam a percepção materna sobre o peso corporal do filho.(AU)

Pseudo-Haptic Heaviness Influenced by the Range of the C/D Ratio and the Position of the C/D Ratio Within a Given Range.

Pseudo-haptic heaviness refers to the illusory sensation of heaviness caused by a dissociation in amplitudes between object movements on a screen and users' motor actions. The amplitude ratio of object movements to the user's actions, the so-called C/D ratio, is a powerful determinant of pseudo-haptic heaviness. According to previous studies, perceptual judgments for a given stimulus value are influenced by the position of the value within a given stimulus range, while no studies have shown the same to be true for pseudo-haptic heaviness. The present study examined whether pseudo-haptic heaviness determined by the C/D ratio was influenced by the range of C/D ratios, and also, by the position of the C/D ratio within a given range. Participants were asked to drag and lift a square on the screen up to a target line and then rate its heaviness; the range of C/D ratios was controlled as a between-participants factor. We observed a phenomenon whereby both the range and position of the C/D ratio influenced the rated heaviness. This phenomenon was clearly established over 8 experimental trials. We conclude that both the C/D ratio range and the position of the C/D ratio within a given range are determinants for pseudo-haptic heaviness.

Do Weight Perception Transitions in Adolescence Predict Concurrent and Long-Term Disordered Eating Behaviors?

PURPOSE: Perceiving one's weight as "overweight" is associated with disordered eating in adolescence. Yet, it is unknown whether weight perceptions change during adolescence, or whether these weight perception transitions predict disordered eating. This study aims to: (1) characterize weight perception transitions from early to late adolescence among a population-based sample and (2) examine whether weight perception transitions in adolescence predict concurrent and future disordered eating into young adulthood. METHODS: Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults (N = 1,414) survey data were used to examine correlates of weight perception transitions from early (Mage = 14.9 ± 1.6 years) to late adolescence (Mage = 19.4 ± 1.6 years). Adjusted generalized estimating equations were used to determine whether weight perception transitions in adolescence predicted concurrent and future disordered eating in emerging adulthood (Mage = 25.2 ± 1.6 years) and young adulthood (Mage = 31.0 ± 1.6 years). RESULTS: Weight perceptions were stable from early to late adolescence for 77.2% of adolescents, whereas 15.5% transitioned to perceiving their weight as "overweight" and 7.3% stopped perceiving "overweight" in late adolescence. Perceived "overweight", especially in late adolescence, was associated with higher concurrent and long-term disordered eating up to 10 years later. For example, the predicted prevalence of binge eating in young adulthood among individuals who perceived their weight as "overweight" throughout adolescence was 20.1% compared to 6.6% for those who never perceived their weight as "overweight" in adolescence. DISCUSSION: Adolescent weight perception was relatively stable in this population-based sample. However, weight perception transitions that involved perceiving "overweight", particularly in late adolescence, were associated with long-term higher risk of disordered eating.

Sociodemographic factors associated with weight perception of adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To systematically assess the main sociodemographic factors associated with weight perception of adolescents. METHODOLOGY: All studies related to adolescents' weight perception were retrieved from seven databases from January 2001 to July 2022. A total of 13 Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords were used to identify qualified studies, and reference lists included in the retrieved studies were manually searched to identify potentially relevant publications. Two evaluators independently assessed the eligibility and extracted data of each study. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) risk of bias evaluation tool was used to evaluate the quality and bias risk of included studies. RevMan (version: 5.3) software was used to conduct heterogeneity test and meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies, published between 2003 and 2020, were selected and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, consisting of 325,367 adolescents from five countries. The risk of bias evaluation indicated that risk of bias was low in five studies and moderate in seven studies. The results of meta-analysis showed that there were no differences in the weight perception accuracy among adolescents under different gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88-1.15, p = 0.940), place of residence (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.83-1.16, p = 0.800), grade (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 0.68-4.42, p = 0.250), and family economic level (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86-1.02, p = 0.140). Egger's linear regression showed that there was no significant publication bias in the primary analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The current analysis indicates that gender, place of residence, grade, and family economic level were not identified as influencing factors for adolescents' weight perception accuracy. Due to the limitations of the review and included studies, more robust trials are warranted in different social and economic environments to confirm our findings.

The association of weight control attempts with suicidality: The role of objective weight status and weight perception among adolescents of United States.

BACKGROUND: The evidence for the association of weight control attempts with suicidality by objective weight status, subjective weight perception, and distorted weight perception among adolescents was limited. METHODS: Data were extracted from a national representative sample of Youth Risk Behavior Surveys in the United States from 2011 to 2019. Binary logistic regression models with complex sampling designs were used to explore the association of weight control attempts, objective weight status, and weight perception with suicidality. FINDINGS: The adolescents attempting to lose weight had higher weighted prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and suicide attempt with medical treatment compared with other attempts of weight control. Totally, attempting to lose weight was significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation (OR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.05-1.30) and suicide attempt (OR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.10-1.46) when adjusting objective weight status, weight perception and all other covariates. In the subgroup analyses, attempting to lose weight was significantly associated with increased risk of suicidality in the adolescents of normal weight, underweight, perceived normal weight, perceived underweight, right estimation of objective weight status. LIMITATIONS: Uncertain causal relationship existed because of cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of suicidality associated with weight control attempts varied among different subgroups. The findings in this study suggest that not only objective weight status but also weight perception should be with consideration when performing weight control attempts.

Association between accuracy of weight perception and life satisfaction among adults with and without anxiety and mood disorders: a cross-sectional study of the 2015-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey.

BACKGROUND: Weight status and weight perception have a significant impact on life satisfaction. As overweight prevalence increases in Canada, it is important to understand how accuracy of weight perception (AWP) is associated with life satisfaction. This study explored the association between AWP and life satisfaction among Canadian adults with and without anxiety and/or mood disorders. METHODS: Using data from the 2015-2018 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey, an indicator of AWP was created to capture concordance between perceived weight and actual weight status. Univariate and multivariate Gaussian generalized linear models were assessed while stratifying by sex and presence of anxiety and/or mood disorders. RESULTS: Our sample included 88 814 males and 106 717 females. For both sexes, perceiving oneself as overweight or underweight, regardless of actual weight status, was associated with lower life satisfaction (ß = -0.93 to -0.30), compared to those who accurately perceived their weight as 'just about right'. Perceiving oneself as overweight or underweight was associated with more pronounced differences in life satisfaction scores in those with anxiety and/or mood disorders (ß = -1.49 to -0.26) than in those without these disorders (ß = -0.76 to -0.25). CONCLUSION: Weight perception is more indicative of life satisfaction than actual weight status, especially in those with anxiety and/or mood disorders.

Object weight can be rapidly predicted, with low cognitive load, by exploiting learned associations between the weights and locations of objects.

Weight prediction is critical for dexterous object manipulation. Previous work has focused on lifting objects presented in isolation and has examined how the visual appearance of an object is used to predict its weight. Here we tested the novel hypothesis that when interacting with multiple objects, as is common in everyday tasks, people exploit the locations of objects to directly predict their weights, bypassing slower and more demanding processing of visual properties to predict weight. Using a three-dimensional robotic and virtual reality system, we developed a task in which participants were presented with a set of objects. In each trial a randomly chosen object translated onto the participant's hand and they had to anticipate the object's weight by generating an equivalent upward force. Across conditions we could control whether the visual appearance and/or location of the objects were informative as to their weight. Using this task, and a set of analogous web-based experiments, we show that when location information was predictive of the objects' weights participants used this information to achieve faster prediction than observed when prediction is based on visual appearance. We suggest that by "caching" associations between locations and weights, the sensorimotor system can speed prediction while also lowering working memory demands involved in predicting weight from object visual properties.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We use a novel object support task using a three-dimensional robotic interface and virtual reality system to provide evidence that the locations of objects are used to predict their weights. Using location information, rather than the visual appearance of the objects, supports fast prediction, thereby avoiding processes that can be demanding on working memory.

Transfer of weight information depends differently on used hand and handedness for perception and action.

When lifting an object sequentially with the two hands, information about object weight can be transferred from one hand to the other. This information can be used to predictively scale fingertip forces and to form a perceptual estimation about the object's weight. This study investigated how weight information can be transferred between the two hands and how this depends on the used hand and handedness of the participant. Right- and left-handed participants lifted light and heavy objects with the right or left hand in a pseudorandomized order and estimated the object's weight. Results showed that predictive force scaling depended on the previously lifted object, with higher force rates if a previous object was heavy. This known effect of sensorimotor memory was mostly independent of the used hand and handedness, indicating that weight information could be transferred across hands for fingertip force scaling. Furthermore, a perceptual bias that depended on the previous lifted object was found, with lower weight estimations when the previous object was heavy compared to light. While this bias was found for both light and heavy objects in right-handers, it was only observed for light objects in left-handers. Notably, in contrast to the results on force scaling, this effect was not transferred across hands. These findings indicate that the transfer of weight information depends differently on the used hand and handedness for perceptual estimations and predictive force scaling.

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal [2022; Vol.28, Issue 12]

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal is the official health journal published by the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization. It is a forum for the presentation and promotion of new policies and initiatives in health services; and for the exchange of ideas concepts epidemiological data research findings and other information with special reference to the Eastern Mediterranean Region. It addresses all members of the health profession medical and other health educational institutes interested NGOs WHO Collaborating Centres and individuals within and outside the Region

المجلة الصحية لشرق المتوسط هى المجلة الرسمية التى تصدرعن المكتب الاقليمى لشرق المتوسط بمنظمة الصحة العالمية. وهى منبر لتقديم السياسات والمبادرات الجديدة فى الصحة العامة والخدمات الصحية والترويج لها، و لتبادل الاراء و المفاهيم والمعطيات الوبائية ونتائج الابحاث وغير ذلك من المعلومات، و خاصة ما يتعلق منها باقليم شرق المتوسط. وهى موجهة الى كل اعضاء المهن الصحية، والكليات الطبية وسائر المعاهد التعليمية، و كذا المنظمات غير الحكومية المعنية، والمراكز المتعاونة مع منظمة الصحة العالمية والافراد المهتمين بالصحة فى الاقليم و خارجه

La Revue de Santé de la Méditerranée Orientale est une revue de santé officielle publiée par le Bureau régional de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé pour la Méditerranée orientale. Elle offre une tribune pour la présentation et la promotion de nouvelles politiques et initiatives dans le domaine de la santé publique et des services de santé ainsi qu’à l’échange d’idées de concepts de données épidémiologiques de résultats de recherches et d’autres informations se rapportant plus particulièrement à la Région de la Méditerranée orientale. Elle s’adresse à tous les professionnels de la santé aux membres des instituts médicaux et autres instituts de formation médico-sanitaire aux ONG Centres collaborateurs de l’OMS et personnes concernés au sein et hors de la Région

BMI Reporting and Accuracy of Child's Weight Perception.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate whether school-based body mass index (BMI) reports impacted the accuracy of children's self-reported weight category, for children overall and within subgroups. METHODS: We analyzed existing data from the Fit Study, a randomized controlled trial of a BMI screening and reporting intervention conducted in California from 2014 to 2017. The sample included 4690 children in 27 schools randomized to receive BMI reports and 4975 children in 27 controls schools that received BMI screening only. To estimate how BMI reporting affected accuracy, we fit multinomial logistic regression models to our data. We calculated average marginal effects, which capture the change in probability that children more accurately reported their weight category because of BMI reporting. RESULTS: We detected no impact of BMI reporting on children's self-reported weight accuracy. Exploratory subgroup analyses show that for Black children, exposure to 1 round of BMI reporting was associated with a 10.0 percentage point increase in the probability of accurately reporting their weight category (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6 to 17.4). Two rounds of reporting were associated with an increase in the probability of accuracy for Asian children (6.6 percentage points; 95% CI: 0.4 to 12.8), 5th graders (11.1 percentage points; 95% CI: 1.6 to 20.5), and those with BMI <5th percentile (17.1 percentage points; 95% CI: 2.7 to 31.6). CONCLUSIONS: BMI reporting has limited efficacy in increasing children's weight perception accuracy. Although exploratory analyses show that specific subpopulations became more accurate, future prospective studies should be designed to confirm these results.

Weight perception and self-rated health: are there differences between cancer survivors and non-cancer survivors?

PURPOSE: To compare relationships between self-perceived weight and self-rated health (SRH) between cancer survivors and non-cancer survivors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study based on the 2014-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted for the associations of self-perceived weight status, measured BMI categories, and combined categories by self-perceived weight and measured BMI with SRH in 1622 cancer survivors and 29,903 non-cancer survivors using complex samples ordinal regression analysis after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and concurrent diseases. RESULTS: Compared to the comparison group (those who were normal weight and self-perceived as average weight in non-cancer survivors), adjusted odds for poorer SRH were higher in cancer survivors and non-cancer survivors who were underweight and self-perceived as underweight (adjusted odds ratios[aORs], 2.69 for non-cancer survivors; 2.62 for cancer survivors), those who were normal weight but self-perceived as underweight or overweight (aORs, 1.69-2.38 for non-cancer survivors; 2.34-3.78 for cancer survivors), and those who were overweight and self-perceived as overweight (aORs, 1.52 for non-cancer survivors; 2.42 for cancer survivors). In cancer survivors, the odds for poorer SRH were greater for those who were normal weight and self-perceived as average weight (aOR = 1.84), whereas the odds were not significant for those who were underweight or overweight and self-perceived as average weight. In non-cancer survivors who self-perceived as average weight, the odds for poorer SRH were significant in those with underweight (aOR = 1.35) or overweight (aOR = 0.84). CONCLUSION: According to actual weight status, the association between self-perceived weight and SRH may differ between cancer survivors and non-cancer survivors.

Understanding the Turkish adolescents' weight perception: A cross-sectional study.

PROBLEM: Adolescence is regarded as a period in which adolescents go through a number of physical changes in appearance and a transition from childhood to adulthood. Throughout this transitional period, adolescents become more concerned with their size and weight. The aim of this study was to determine the self-perceived weights status of adolescents 11-19 years old. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1459 students, aged 11-19 years, in Turkey. Anthropometric measurements of weight and height were measured with appropriate tools and adolescents' self-perception of weight status was assessed by the Figure Rating Scale. FINDINGS: Nearly half of the adolescents had misperceptions about their weight status (49.6%). There was a significant association between body mass index (BMI) z-score categories and weight status misperception. Overall, the weight status misperception was more common among the girls than boys. CONCLUSION: Misperception of weight status in adolescent should take into account the following: development of intervention programs aimed at screening weight and weight perception, empowering young people to have accurate weight status perception, and raising awareness of the issue in school health professionals.

Acculturation Profiles of Weight Perception Status among US Foreign-Born Hispanic/Latino Adults: A Mixture Model Approach.

The objective of this study was to identify profiles of acculturation and weight-by-weight perception status among United States (US) foreign-born Hispanic/Latino adults using a person-centered approach. We conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) on 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from US foreign-born Hispanic/Latino adults 18 years and older (N = 4944). Acculturation was assessed by self-reported linguistic acculturation questions from the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics. Weight was assessed by body mass index (BMI). Covariates included weight perception and sociodemographic factors to compare and further differentiate profiles. Three profiles were identified: bicultural (15% of sample), low acculturation (84%), and non-integrated (1%). All the profiles had a BMI that was considered overweight or obese. The low acculturated profile was less likely (odds ratio (OR): 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43-0.91) to perceive themselves as overweight relative to the bicultural class. The low accultured profile was also more likely to be female and a US citizen (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.09-1.92 and OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.57-3.34) in comparison to the bicultural class. Our study is among the first to use LCA to examine weight perception on acculturation status and weight profiles among US foreign-born Hispanic/Latino adults. The findings of our study are a step towards building a foundation to mitigate weight disparities among underserved/underrepresented US foreign-born individuals, especially Hispanics/Latinos. Our results can also inform the development of tailored interventions.

Effect on Perceived Weight of Object Shapes.

The perceived weight of an object is an important research topic in terms of sensation and perception, and it is known that it has size-weight, color-weight, and material-weight illusions due to the influence of size, color, and material, as well as the weight of the object. Although the physical size of an object is measured by volume, the size of an object that we subjectively feel depends on the shape of the object, even if it has the same volume. Therefore, the shape of the object may determine the perceived size of the object, thereby changing its perceived weight accordingly. These cognitive factors play an important role in the period of rehabilitation therapy after an exacerbation or attack of neurological diseases, such as stroke or Parkinson's disease, regarding the motor functions of the patient. Moreover, the study of these sensation and perception factors is important for the period of the early development of children, for example, for tracking and correcting fine motor skills. Existing related studies analyzed the perceived weight according to three shapes (tetrahedron, cube, and sphere), but only some shapes showed a difference in the perceived weight. This study attempted to demonstrate the difference in perceived weight according to the shape that has yet to be clearly identified. To this end, this study investigated objects with the same physical size (volume) as in previous studies, but in the shapes of tetrahedron, cube, and sphere. In addition, the volumes of these objects were set to 64,000 cm3, 125,000 cm3, and 216,000 cm3, and their weights were set to be 100 g, 150 g, and 200 g, in proportion to the size of the small, medium, and large volumes, respectively. Thirty-eight college students (21 males, 17 females) participated and the perceived weight of a given object compared to a reference object was evaluated according to the modulus method used for sensory size measurement. The analysis of the experimental data found that both weight (volume) and shape had significant effects on the perceived weight. The results support that the shape of objects also led to the size-weight illusion phenomenon. At the same weight (volume), the perceived weight of an object according to shape decreased significantly in the order of sphere, cube, and tetrahedron. At the same volume level, subjective size according to shape is small in the order of tetrahedron, cube, and sphere. The results of weight perception according to shape in this study showed that the subjective size of an object according to shape had an effect on perceived weight.